I want to talk about moon…. Moon is the only natural satellite of the Earth and the fifth largest moon in the Solar System. It is the largest natural satellite of a planet in the Solar System relative to the size of its primary, having 27% the diameter and 60% the density of Earth, resulting in 1⁄81 (1.23%) its mass. Among satellites with known densities, the Moon is the second densest, after Io, a satellite of Jupiter.

the first phenomenon is

A Ring around the Moon

The ring around the Moon is caused by the refraction of Moonlight (which of course is reflected sunlight) from ice crystals in the upper atmosphere. The shape of the ice crystals results in a focusing of the light into a ring. Since the ice crystals typically have the same shape, namely a hexagonal shape, the Moon ring is almost always the same size. Less typical are the halos that may be produced by different angles in the crystals. They can create halos with an angle of 46 degrees.

I have the anatomy of moon halo…

The ring that appears around the moon arises from light passing through six-sided ice crystals high in the atmosphere. These ice crystals refract, or bend, light in the same manner that a camera lens bends light. The ring has a diameter of 22°, and sometimes, if you are lucky, it is also possible to detect a second ring, 44° diameter. Thin high cirrus clouds lofting at 20,000 feet or more contain tiny ice crystals that originate from the freezing of super cooled water droplets. These crystals behave like jewels refracting and reflecting in different directions. Cloud crystals are varieties of hexagonal prisms, (6 sides) and range in shapes from long columns to thin plate-like shapes that have different face sizes. 

Next, is about moon dogs…

 Moon dogs are the paler version of sun dogs: bursts of light often in reds and blues that appear on both sides of the moon. Both phenomena are the work of almost invisible clouds that reside in the atmosphere where commercial airliners cruise, at about 30,000 feet. The clouds are composed largely of ice crystals, known as diamond dust. The official name for a moon dog is a paraselene if seen at 22 degrees. If the image is at 90, 120 or 140 degrees then it's known as a parantiselene.

And last but not least a moon bows….

A night time rainbow is sometimes called a moon bow because it is a reflection of the light of the moon. The same thing during the day is called a rainbow. It works the same way as its daytime counterpart; it just uses moonlight instead of sunlight. Any rainbow comes from light hitting drops of rain and going into the drop and being reflected off of the inside edge. As the light leaves the drop on its return journey the other side of the drop acts like a prism and separates it into the colors of the rainbow. Daytime rainbows work great because of the intensity of the sun light, but with moon light it makes something shaped like a rainbow with just a hint color. Moon bows occur in the side of the sky opposite the moon.

That all for the story about moon.... 

not to forget, credited to Moon Light Effects....